2024年1月21日日曜日

AzureHunter - A Cloud Forensics Powershell Module To Run Threat Hunting Playbooks On Data From Azure And O365


A Powershell module to run threat hunting playbooks on data from Azure and O365 for Cloud Forensics purposes.


Getting Started

1. Check that you have the right O365 Permissions

The following roles are required in Exchange Online, in order to be able to have read only access to the UnifiedAuditLog: View-Only Audit Logs or Audit Logs.

These roles are assigned by default to the Compliance Management role group in Exchange Admin Center.

NOTE: if you are a security analyst, incident responder or threat hunter and your organization is NOT giving you read-only access to these audit logs, you need to seriously question what their detection and response strategy is!

More information:

NOTE: your admin can verify these requirements by running Get-ManagementRoleEntry "*\Search-UnifiedAuditLog" in your Azure tenancy cloud shell or local powershell instance connected to Azure.


2. Ensure ExchangeOnlineManagement v2 PowerShell Module is installed

Please make sure you have ExchangeOnlineManagement (EXOv2) installed. You can find instructions on the web or go directly to my little KB on how to do it at the soc analyst scrolls


3. Either Clone the Repo or Install AzureHunter from the PSGallery

3.1 Cloning the Repo
  1. Clone this repository
  2. Import the module Import-Module .\source\AzureHunter.psd1

3.2 Install AzureHunter from the PSGallery

All you need to do is:

Install-Module AzureHunter -Scope CurrentUser
Import-Module AzureHunter

What is the UnifiedAuditLog?

The unified audit log contains user, group, application, domain, and directory activities performed in the Microsoft 365 admin center or in the Azure management portal. For a complete list of Azure AD events, see the list of RecordTypes.

The UnifiedAuditLog is a great source of cloud forensic information since it contains a wealth of data on multiple types of cloud operations like ExchangeItems, SharePoint, Azure AD, OneDrive, Data Governance, Data Loss Prevention, Windows Defender Alerts and Quarantine events, Threat intelligence events in Microsoft Defender for Office 365 and the list goes on and on!


AzureHunter Data Consistency Checks

AzureHunter implements some useful logic to ensure that the highest log density is mined and exported from Azure & O365 Audit Logs. In order to do this, we run two different operations for each cycle (batch):

  1. Automatic Window Time Reduction: this check ensures that the time interval is reduced to the optimal interval based on the ResultSizeUpperThreshold parameter which by default is 20k. This means, if the amounts of logs returned within your designated TimeInterval is higher than ResultSizeUpperThreshold, then an automatic adjustment will take place.
  2. Sequential Data Check: are returned Record Indexes sequentially valid?



Usage

Ensure you connect to ExchangeOnline

It's recommended that you run Connect-ExchangeOnline before running any AzureHunter commands. The program checks for an active remote session and attempts to connect but some versions of Powershell don't allow this and you need to do it yourself regardless.


Run AzureHunter

AzureHunter has two main commands: Search-AzureCloudUnifiedLog and Invoke-HuntAzureAuditLogs.

The purpose of Search-AzureCloudUnifiedLog is to implement a complex logic to ensure that the highest percentage of UnifiedAuditLog records are mined from Azure. By default, it will export extracted and deduplicated records to a CSV file.

The purpose of Invoke-HuntAzureAuditLogs is to provide a flexible interface into hunting playbooks stored in the playbooks folder. These playbooks are designed so that anyone can contribute with their own analytics and ideas. So far, only two very simple playbooks have been developed: AzHunter.Playbook.Exporter and AzHunter.Playbook.LogonAnalyser. The Exporter takes care of exporting records after applying de-duplication and sorting operations to the data. The LogonAnalyser is in beta mode and extracts events where the Operations property is UserLoggedIn. It is an example of what can be done with the playbooks and how easy it is to construct one.

When running Search-AzureCloudUnifiedLog, you can pass in a list of playbooks to run per log batch. Search-AzureCloudUnifiedLog will pass on the batch to the playbooks via Invoke-HuntAzureAuditLogs.

Finally Invoke-HuntAzureAuditLogs can, be used standalone. If you have an export of UnifiedAuditLog records, you can load them into a Powershell Array and pass them on to this command and specify the relevant playbooks.


Example 1 | Run search on Azure UnifiedAuditLog and extract records to CSV file (default behaviour)
Search-AzureCloudUnifiedLog -StartDate "2020-03-06T10:00:00" -EndDate "2020-06-09T12:40:00" -TimeInterval 12 -AggregatedResultsFlushSize 5000 -Verbose

This command will:

  • Search data between the dates in StartDate and EndDate
  • Implement a window of 12 hours between these dates, which will be used to sweep the entire length of the time interval (StartDate --> EndDate). This window will be automatically reduced and adjusted to provide the maximum amount of records within the window, thus ensuring higher quality of output. The time window slides sequentially until reaching the EndDate.
  • The AggregatedResultsFlushSize parameter speficies the batches of records that will be processed by downstream playbooks. We are telling AzureHunter here to process the batch of records once the total amount reaches 5000. This way, you can get results on the fly, without having to wait for hours until a huge span of records is exported to CSV files.

Example 2 | Run Hunting Playbooks on CSV File

We assume that you have exported UnifiedAuditLog records to a CSV file, if so you can then do:

$RecordArray = Import-Csv .\my-exported-records.csv
Invoke-HuntAzureAuditLogs -Records $RecordArray -Playbooks 'AzHunter.Playbook.LogonAnalyser'

You can run more than one playbook by separating them via commas, they will run sequentially:

$RecordArray = Import-Csv .\my-exported-records.csv
Invoke-HuntAzureAuditLogs -Records $RecordArray -Playbooks 'AzHunter.Playbook.Exporter', 'AzHunter.Playbook.LogonAnalyser'

Why?

Since the aftermath of the SolarWinds Supply Chain Compromise many tools have emerged out of deep forges of cyberforensicators, carefully developed by cyber blacksmith ninjas. These tools usually help you perform cloud forensics in Azure. My intention with AzureHunter is not to bring more noise to this crowded space, however, I found myself in the need to address some gaps that I have observed in some of the tools in the space (I might be wrong though, since there is a proliferation of tools out there and I don't know them all...):

  1. Azure cloud forensic tools don't usually address the complications of the Powershell API for the UnifiedAuditLog. This API is very unstable and inconsistent when exporting large quantities of data. I wanted to develop an interface that is fault tolerant (enough) to address some of these issues focusing solely on the UnifiedAuditLog since this is the Azure artefact that contains the most relevant and detailed activity logs for users, applications and services.
  2. Azure cloud forensic tools don't usually put focus on developing extensible Playbooks. I wanted to come up with a simple framework that would help the community create and share new playbooks to extract different types of meaning off the same data.

If, however, you are looking for a more feature rich and mature application for Azure Cloud Forensics I would suggest you check out the excellent work performed by the cyber security experts that created the following applications:

I'm sure there is a more extensive list of tools, but these are the ones I could come up with. Feel free to suggest some more.


Why Powershell?
  1. I didn't want to re-invent the wheel
  2. Yes the Powershell interface to Azure's UnifiedAuditLog is unstable, but in terms of time-to-production it would have taken me an insane amount of hours to achieve the same thing writing a whole new interface in languages such as .NET, Golang or Python to achieve the same objectives. In the meanwhile, the world of Cyber Defense and Response does not wait!

TODO
  • Specify standard playbook metadata attributes that need to be present so that AzureHunter can leverage them.
  • Allow for playbooks to specify dependencies on other playbooks so that one needs to be run before the other. Playbook chaining could produce interesting results and avoid code duplication.
  • Develop Pester tests and Coveralls results.
  • Develop documentation in ReadTheDocs.
  • Allow for the specification of playbooks in SIGMA rule standard (this might require some PR to the SIGMA repo)

More Information

For more information


Credits


More information


  1. Hack Rom Tools
  2. Usb Pentest Tools
  3. Blackhat Hacker Tools
  4. Hack Tool Apk No Root
  5. Beginner Hacker Tools
  6. What Is Hacking Tools
  7. Install Pentest Tools Ubuntu
  8. Hack Tools For Games
  9. Pentest Tools Port Scanner
  10. Hack Tools For Games
  11. Pentest Reporting Tools
  12. Black Hat Hacker Tools
  13. Pentest Tools Tcp Port Scanner
  14. Hacking Tools Windows
  15. Pentest Tools Subdomain
  16. Hack And Tools
  17. Hacking Tools For Windows Free Download
  18. Hacking Apps
  19. Physical Pentest Tools
  20. Bluetooth Hacking Tools Kali
  21. Hacker Techniques Tools And Incident Handling
  22. Pentest Tools Online
  23. Hack Tools
  24. Pentest Tools Bluekeep
  25. Hacking Tools For Windows
  26. Hack Tools For Mac
  27. Hacker Tools Linux
  28. Physical Pentest Tools
  29. Hacking Tools Usb
  30. Hacking App
  31. Hacker Tools 2020
  32. Hacker Search Tools
  33. Hacker Security Tools
  34. Hacker Tools For Ios
  35. Hackrf Tools
  36. Hacking Tools Download
  37. Hacker Tools Windows
  38. Hacker Tools For Ios
  39. Install Pentest Tools Ubuntu
  40. Hack Tools Mac
  41. Hacks And Tools
  42. Pentest Recon Tools
  43. Pentest Tools Website Vulnerability
  44. Tools For Hacker
  45. Usb Pentest Tools
  46. Underground Hacker Sites
  47. Hacker Tools Apk Download
  48. Hacking Tools 2020
  49. Best Hacking Tools 2020
  50. Game Hacking
  51. Hacker Tools Mac
  52. What Is Hacking Tools
  53. Hacking Tools Mac
  54. How To Make Hacking Tools
  55. Pentest Tools Github
  56. Physical Pentest Tools
  57. Pentest Reporting Tools
  58. Pentest Reporting Tools
  59. Pentest Tools Kali Linux
  60. Hack Tools Github
  61. Pentest Tools Alternative
  62. Hacking Tools And Software
  63. Pentest Tools Android
  64. Hacker Tools 2020
  65. How To Hack
  66. Hacking Tools For Windows
  67. Hack Tool Apk No Root
  68. Physical Pentest Tools
  69. Pentest Tools Apk
  70. Pentest Tools Bluekeep
  71. Hacker Tools Linux
  72. Pentest Tools List
  73. Pentest Tools Kali Linux
  74. Pentest Tools Github
  75. Hack Tools For Ubuntu
  76. Pentest Tools List
  77. Hack Tools For Ubuntu
  78. Hack Website Online Tool
  79. Tools 4 Hack
  80. Pentest Tools Port Scanner
  81. Pentest Tools Website Vulnerability
  82. Github Hacking Tools
  83. What Are Hacking Tools
  84. Hack And Tools
  85. World No 1 Hacker Software
  86. Pentest Tools Apk
  87. Hacking App
  88. World No 1 Hacker Software
  89. Beginner Hacker Tools
  90. Tools Used For Hacking
  91. Hacking Tools For Windows Free Download
  92. Best Hacking Tools 2019
  93. Hack Tools Online
  94. Hacker Tools List
  95. Pentest Tools Bluekeep
  96. Hacking Tools
  97. Pentest Tools Linux
  98. Hacker Tools Github
  99. Termux Hacking Tools 2019
  100. Hack App
  101. Blackhat Hacker Tools
  102. Hacking Tools Free Download
  103. Hacking Tools For Beginners
  104. Hacker Security Tools
  105. Hack Tools Github
  106. Hacker Tools Github
  107. Tools For Hacker
  108. Hack Rom Tools
  109. Hacker
  110. Computer Hacker
  111. Best Hacking Tools 2019
  112. Computer Hacker
  113. Hacker Tools For Pc
  114. Best Pentesting Tools 2018
  115. Hack Tool Apk No Root
  116. Hacking Tools For Windows 7
  117. Android Hack Tools Github
  118. Hacker Tool Kit
  119. Hacking Tools Windows
  120. Black Hat Hacker Tools
  121. Hacker Tools 2020
  122. Hacker Tools Mac
  123. Hacker Tools Apk Download
  124. Beginner Hacker Tools
  125. Tools Used For Hacking
  126. Kik Hack Tools
  127. Pentest Tools Port Scanner
  128. Hack Tools For Pc
  129. Pentest Tools Url Fuzzer
  130. Hacking Tools Windows
  131. Pentest Automation Tools
  132. Pentest Tools Subdomain
  133. Hacking Tools For Windows 7
  134. Top Pentest Tools
  135. Hack Tools For Games
  136. Nsa Hacker Tools
  137. Hack Tools Github
  138. Hacking Tools Windows
  139. Android Hack Tools Github
  140. Pentest Tools Download
  141. How To Hack
  142. Pentest Tools Website Vulnerability
  143. Wifi Hacker Tools For Windows
  144. Hacker Tools Linux
  145. Growth Hacker Tools
  146. Hak5 Tools
  147. Hacking Tools Free Download

0 件のコメント: